Two Dimensional Sector Scan Echocardiographic Profile of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections.

Abstract

Material and Methods:

Sixteen patients age 3 days to 5 months were included in the study. Fourteen patients were studied at the children’s memorial Hospital Chicago, U.S.A and two patients at the National Institute of Cardivasular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. In Order to validate echo imaging, echo contrast studies were obtained during cardiac catheterization in two patients who had anomalous venous connections to the right superior vena cava.

Results:

The site of anomalous venous connections was determined by angiography in all 16 patients. In 9/16 the anomalous venous connections were into the innominate-superior vena cava system and in 4/6 were solely into the coronary sinus. In the remaining three patients although diagnosis of anomalous venous connections could be made but the exact site of anomalous venous connections could not be determined.

Discussion:

This study documents two dimensional echoc ardiographic imaging of the CPVC and its afferent and efferent connections in the supra cardiac. In summary we conclude that two dimensional sector scan echocardiography provides detailed anatomic imaging of CPVC and its afferent and Efferent connections in various types of TAPVC. The sensitivity of prospective echo diagnosis largely depends upon the skill of the echocardiographer and his detailed knowledge of various types of anomalous pulmonary venous connections.