Environmental and Climatic Conditions Impacting Cardiovascular Health in Low-Income Countries like Pakistan

Abstract

The relationship between environmental conditions, climate change, and public health is becoming increasingly critical, especially in low-income countries like Pakistan. Severe air pollution, driven by industrial emissions and vehicular exhaust, poses significant health risks, particularly to cardiovascular health. Prolonged exposure to pollutants like PM2.5 is linked to higher rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as stroke and ischemic heart disease. Additionally, climate change has exacerbated these issues, with extreme weather events like heatwaves and floods further straining cardiovascular systems. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated public health initiatives, stricter environmental regulations, and community engagement to raise awareness and promote sustainable practices. Enhanced research and international collaboration are essential to mitigate the adverse health impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on Pakistan's population.