In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Early Invasive Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Adult Cardiology Department at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) in Karachi, Pakistan, from August 2019 to February 2020. The study included 165 patients, both male and female, aged 40 to 75 years, who presented with NSTEMI and underwent early invasive PCI. All patients were either admitted through the emergency department or referred from outpatient services at NICVD. Comprehensive medical assessments were performed, and relevant medical history and clinical details were documented. PCI procedures were conducted under the supervision of experienced consultant cardiologists with over five years of procedural expertise. The primary outcomes evaluated were the incidence of cardiogenic shock, heart failure, and in-hospital mortality.

Results: Of the 165 patients included in the study, 125 (75.8%) were male, with a mean age of 56.6±7.72 years and a mean BMI of 26.5±3.8 kg/m². Hypertension was prevalent in 100 (60.6%) patients, while 78 (47.3%) had diabetes mellitus. A history of smoking was reported in 70 (42.4%) patients. Heart failure emerged as the most common in-hospital adverse outcome, occurring in 25 (15.2%) patients, followed by cardiogenic shock in 9 (5.5%) patients, and in-hospital mortality in 20 (12.1%) patients.

Conclusion: Among patients undergoing early invasive PCI following NSTEMI, heart failure was the most frequent adverse in-hospital outcome, followed by mortality and cardiogenic shock. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of high-risk NSTEMI patients during the early stages of PCI intervention.