FREQUENCY OF TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS AND EVALUATION OF LIPID PROFILE IN PATENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of traditional risk factors with evaluation oflipid profile in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study with non-randomizedconsecutive sampling. The study was conducted from 1st June to 30thNovember, 2018 in Coronary Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, HayatabadMedical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan in which all patients with age >18 yearswith diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome were recruited. Detail history ofhypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and family history for coronary arterydisease was taken. Dyslipidemia was evaluated by measuring blood lipid profile.SPSS version 20 was used for analysis. Significance was set at P≤0.05.

Results: We analyzed 384 patients with acute coronary syndrome out of which60.7% were male. There was no significant difference in age of male (25-91years) and female (26-90 years) patients. ST segment elevation acute coronarysyndrome was 74.5% and non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromewas 25.5%. Frequency of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus,smoking, and family history of coronary artery disease was 86.7%, 52.3%,34.1%, 26% and 9.6%, respectively. The most frequent lipid abnormality was inHDL cholesterol, followed by triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor followed byhypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking. The most common abnormalitiesin lipid profile were low level of HDL cholesterol, followed by triglycerides, totalcholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

Key Words: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Risk Factors, Dyslipidemia,Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking